2026 Updated · SPSC & STS Aligned

Human Physiology & Vitamins MCQs with Answers & Explanation (2026)

Human body and vitamins MCQs for STS BPS 05-15, SPSC CCE & CSS. Vitamin deficiency diseases, blood groups, enzyme functions & organ systems explained.

Vitamins & Deficiency Diseases Reference Table

Vitamins, their chemical names, solubility, and corresponding deficiency diseases are among the most repeated topics in FPSC, SPSC, and Sukkur IBA STS examinations.

Essential Vitamins, Chemical Names, and Deficiency Syndromes
VitaminChemical NameSolubilityPrimary Deficiency Disease
Vitamin ARetinolFat-soluble (A, D, E, K)Night blindness (Nyctalopia), Xerophthalmia
Vitamin B1ThiamineWater-soluble (B, C)Beriberi (Nervous system and heart impairment)
Vitamin B3NiacinWater-solublePellagra (4 Ds: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death)
Vitamin CAscorbic AcidWater-solubleScurvy (Bleeding gums, delayed wound healing)
Vitamin DCalciferolFat-solubleRickets (in children) / Osteomalacia (in adults)
Vitamin KPhylloquinoneFat-solubleDefective blood clotting (Hemorrhagic disease)

Key Exam Takeaways:

  • Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K (mnemonic: 'ADEK'); Water-soluble vitamins are B-complex and C.
  • Blood Group O negative (O-) is the Universal Donor; Blood Group AB positive (AB+) is the Universal Recipient.
  • The liver is the largest internal organ and gland in the human body; the skin is the largest overall organ.
  • Bile juice is produced by the Liver and stored in the Gallbladder.

Practice Questions with Step-by-Step Rationales (2 MCQs)

Q1 STS BPS 05–15 2023

Deficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) in human nutrition leads directly to:

  1. Rickets
  2. Beriberi
  3. Scurvy ✓ (Correct Answer)
  4. Night blindness
Show Verified Explanation

Correct Option: Option C (Scurvy)

Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency, resulting in defective collagen synthesis, fragile blood vessels, and bleeding gums.

Q2 SPSC CCE / FPSC

Which of the following blood groups can be safely transfused to individuals of ANY blood group (Universal Donor)?

  1. AB positive
  2. AB negative
  3. O positive
  4. O negative ✓ (Correct Answer)
Show Verified Explanation

Correct Option: Option D (O negative)

O negative red blood cells carry no A, B, or Rh surface antigens, so they will not be attacked by antibodies in any recipient’s blood.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which blood group is the true Universal Donor?

Blood Group O negative (O-) is the universal donor because its red blood cells carry neither A nor B antigens, nor the Rh (D) antigen, preventing antibody agglutination in recipients.

What is the chemical name of Vitamin C and its deficiency disease?

The chemical name of Vitamin C is Ascorbic Acid, and its deficiency leads to Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, skin spots, and impaired collagen formation.